1947
With the end of British colonial rule in South Asia in 1947, and the creation of the modern Indian state and Pakistan in its…
1948
India took the case of Kashmir to the United Nations. Kashmir was officially recognized as a disputed territory. The United Nations Security Council passed…
1950
India reneged on its promise of the plebiscite. The Indian Constitution came into being and Article 1 declared the entire state of J&K as…
1951
Elections were organized in the disputed territory by India. The UNSC passed a resolution (UNSC Resolution 91) stating that elections would not be a…
1956
The J&K Constituent Assembly, which was controlled by India and used to give a democratic cover to its military-occupation, adopted a new constitution, declared…
1957
The UN passed another resolution (UNSC Resolution 122) asserting that only the “will of the people expressed through the democratic method of a free…
1988
As India’s repression in Kashmir grew and all forms of pro-freedom voices were choked, organized armed resistance against Indian occupation took shape. Under international…
1990
Indian military forces carried out several massacres across Kashmir. Protests intensify and Hindu nationalist bureaucrat Jagmohan is installed as the governor. On January 21,…
1991
Indian soldiers entered two villages in north Kashmir, Kunan and Poshpora, and raped dozens of Kashmiri women. Indian army frequently used rape as a…
1994
Indian Parliament passed a resolution that claims Kashmir to be an “integral part” of India and therefore non-negotiable.